ÿþ<html><head> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"> <html> <head><title>INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE online</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styly.css"> </head> <body> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td width="100%" bgcolor="#000066"> <a href="http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/iapt/index_layer.php"><img border="0" src="head_iapt.jpg" align="left" width="748" height="40"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"> <span class=nadpis>INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE</span>&nbsp;<span class=nadpis1> online</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100%"><small><span class=linky>&nbsp;<a href="Contents.htm">contents</a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href="0117SubjIndx.htm">subject index</a>&nbsp; | <a href="0118IndexScfNames.htm">index to scientific names</a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href="0120AppendixVII.htm">glossary</a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href="contacts_for_the_english_electro.htm">contact</a>&nbsp; |&nbsp; <a href="http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/iapt/s_regnumvegetabile.php">regnum vegetabile</a>&nbsp; </span></small></td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#FFECD9"> <tr> <td width="100%" align="right"> <div> <a href="../main.htm"><small>frameset version</small></a></div></td> </tr> </table> <a name="top"></a> <div align="right"><a href="0037Ch4Sec2a033.htm" alt="back"><img src="back1.gif" border="none" width="20" height="19"></a> <a href="0039Ch4Sec2a035.htm" alt="forward"><img src="next1.gif" border="none" width="20" height="19"></a></div> <h1>DIVISION II. &nbsp;RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS<BR /> CHAPTER IV. EFFECTIVE AND VALID PUBLICATION<br /> SECTION 2. CONDITIONS AND DATES OF VALID PUBLICATION OF NAMES</h1> <h2>Article 34</h2> <p><span class=white>34.1.</span> A name is not validly published <i> (a)</i> when it is not accepted by the author in the original publication; <i> (b)</i> when it is merely proposed in anticipation of the future acceptance of the taxon concerned, or of a particular circumscription, position, or rank of the taxon (so-called provisional name), except as provided for in <a href="0064Ch6NoFa59.htm"> Art. 59</a>; <i> (c)</i> when it is merely cited as a synonym; <i> (d)</i> by the mere mention of the subordinate taxa included in the taxon concerned. Art. 34.1(a) does not apply to names published with a question mark or other indication of taxonomic doubt, yet accepted by their author. </p> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex1">Ex. 1.</a></span> (a) <i> "Sebertia",</i> proposed by Pierre (ms.) for a monotypic genus, was not validly published by Baillon (in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 945. 1891) because he did not accept the genus. Although he gave a description of it, he referred its only species "<i>Sebertia acuminata</i> Pierre (ms.)" to the genus <i> Sersalisia</i> R. Br. as <i> S.</i> ? <i> acuminata,</i> which he thereby validly published under the provision of Art. 34.1, last sentence. The name <i> Sebertia</i> was validly published by Engler (1897). </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex2">Ex. 2.</a></span> (a) The designations listed in the lefthand column of the Linnaean thesis <i> Herbarium</i> <i> amboinense</i> defended by Stickman (1754) were not names accepted by Linnaeus upon publication and are not validly published. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex3">Ex. 3.</a></span> (a) <i>Coralloides gorgonina </i>Bory was validly published in a paper by Flörke (in Mag. Neusten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 125. 1809), even though Flörke did not accept it as a new species. At Bory's request, Flörke included Bory's diagnosis (and name) making Bory the author of the name under <a href="0050Ch4Sec3a046.htm#46.2.">Art. 46.2</a>. The acceptance or otherwise of the name by Flörke is not, therefore, relevant for valid publication.</p> <p><span class=white><a name="ex4">Ex. 4.</a></span> (a) (b) The designation <i> "Conophyton",</i> suggested by Haworth (Rev. Pl. Succ.: 82. 1821) for <i> Mesembryanthemum</i> sect. <i> Minima</i> Haw. (Rev. Pl. Succ.: 81. 1821) in the words "If this section proves to be a genus, the name of <i> Conophyton</i> would be apt", was not a validly published generic name since Haworth did not adopt it or accept the genus. The name was validly published as <i> Conophytum</i> N. E. Br. (1922). </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex5">Ex. 5.</a></span> (b) <i> "Pteridospermaexylon"</i> and <i> "P. theresiae"</i> were published by Greguss (in Földt. Közl. 82: 171. 1952) for a genus and species of fossil wood. As Greguss explicitly stated "Vorläufig benenne ich es mit den Namen ..." [provisionally I designate it by the names ...], these are provisional names and as such are not validly published. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex6">Ex. 6.</a></span> (b) The designation <i>"Sterocaulon subdenudatum"</i> proposed by Havaas (in Bergens Mus. Årbok. 12: 13, 20. 1954) is not validly published in spite of it being presented as a new species with a Latin diagnosis, since on both pages it was indicated to be "ad int."</div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex7">Ex. 7.</a></span> (c) "<i>Ornithogalum undulatum</i> hort. Bouch." was not validly published by Kunth, (Enum. Pl. 4: 348. 1843) when he cited it as a synonym under <i> Myogalum boucheanum</i> Kunth; the combination under <i> Ornithogalum</i> L. was validly published later: <i> O. boucheanum</i> (Kunth) Asch. (1866). </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex8">Ex. 8.</a></span> (d) The family designation <i> "Rhaptopetalaceae"</i> was not validly published by Pierre (in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1296. Mai 1897), who merely mentioned the constituent genera, <i> Brazzeia</i> Baill., <i> "Scytopetalum"</i>, and <i> Rhaptopetalum</i> Oliv., but gave no description or diagnosis; the family bears the name <i> Scytopetalaceae</i> Engl. (Oct 1897), accompanied by a description. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex9">Ex. 9.</a></span> (d) The generic designation <i> "Ibidium"</i> was not validly published by Salisbury (in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 291. 1812), who merely mentioned four included species but supplied no generic description or diagnosis. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex10">Ex. 10.</a></span> (final sentence) <i>Aponogetonaceae </i>Planch. (in Bot. Mag.: ad. t. 4894. 1856) was validly published by reference to the description of "Aponogétacées" (Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 1: 119. 1844) even though Hooker indicated taxonomic doubt when he wrote (pp. [4-5]) "M. Planchon ... suggests that <i>Aponogeton</i> should form a suborder of <i>Alismaceae</i>, or probably a new order, <i>Aponogetaceae</i>".</div> <p><span class=white><a name="34.2.">34.2.</a></span> When, on or after 1 January 1953, two or more different names based on the same type are proposed simultaneously for the same taxon by the same author (so-called alternative names), none of them is validly published. This rule does not apply in those cases where the same combination is simultaneously used at different ranks, either for infraspecific taxa within a species or for subdivisions of a genus within a genus (see <a href="0026Ch3Sec3a022.htm#recA">Rec. 22A.1</a>-<a href="0026Ch3Sec3a022.htm#recA">2</a> and <a href="0030Ch3Sec5a026.htm#recA">26A.1-3</a>). </p> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex11">Ex. 11.</a></span> The species of <i> Brosimum</i> Sw. described by Ducke (in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 23-29. 1922) were published with alternative names under <i> Piratinera</i> Aubl. added in a footnote (pp. 23-24). The publication of both sets of names, being effected before 1 January 1953, is valid. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex12">Ex. 12.</a></span> <i> "Euphorbia jaroslavii"</i> (Poljakov in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 15: 155. 1953) was published with an alternative designation, <i> "Tithymalus jaroslavii"</i>. Neither was validly published. However, one name, <i> Euphorbia yaroslavii</i> (with a different transliteration of the initial letter), was validly published by Poljakov (1961), who effectively published it with a reference to the earlier publication and simultaneously rejected assignment to <i>Tithymalus</i>. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex13">Ex. 13.</a></span> Description of "<i>Malvastrum bicuspidatum</i> subsp. <i> tumidum</i> S. R. Hill var. <i> tumidum,</i> subsp. et var. nov." (in Brittonia 32: 474. 1980) simultaneously validated both <i> M. bicuspidatum</i> subsp. <i> tumidum</i> S. R. Hill and <i> M. bicuspidatum</i> var. <i> tumidum</i> S. R. Hill. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex14">Ex. 14.</a></span> Hitchcock (in Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(1): 507-508. 1969) used the name <i> Bromus inermis</i> subsp. <i> pumpellianus</i> (Scribn.) Wagnon and provided a full and direct reference to its basionym, <i> B. pumpellianus</i> Scribn. Within that subspecies, he recognized varieties, one of which he named <i> B. inermis</i> var. <i> pumpellianus</i> (without author citation but clearly based on the same basionym and type). In so doing, he met the requirements for valid publication of <i> B. inermis</i> var. <i> pumpellianus</i> (Scribn.) C. L. Hitchc. </div> <div class=note><span class=white><a name="note1">Note 1.</a></span> The name of a fungal holomorph and that of a correlated anamorph (see <a href="0064Ch6NoFa59.htm"> Art. 59</a>), even if proposed simultaneously, are not alternative names in the sense of Art. 34.2, and both are validly published. They have different types, and the circumscription of the holomorph is considered to include the anamorph, but not vice versa. </div> <div class=ex><span class=white><a name="ex15">Ex. 15.</a></span> <i> Lasiosphaeria elinorae</i> Linder (1929), the name of a fungal holomorph, and the simultaneously published name of a correlated anamorph, <i> Helicosporium elinorae</i> Linder, are both validly published, and both can be used under <a href="0064Ch6NoFa59.htm#59.5."> Art. 59.5</a>. </div> <h3><a name="recA">Recommendation 34A</a></h3> <p><span class=white>34A.1.</span> Authors should avoid mentioning in their publications previously unpublished names that they do not accept, especially if the persons responsible for these unpublished names have not formally authorized their publication (see <a href="0027Ch3Sec4a023.htm#recA">Rec. 23A.3(i)</a>). </p> <div align="right"><a href="0037Ch4Sec2a033.htm" alt="back"><img src="back1.gif" border="none" width="20" height="19"></a> &nbsp;<a href="#top" alt="top"><img src="up1.gif" border="none" width="19" height="20"></a> <a href="0039Ch4Sec2a035.htm" alt="forward"><img src="next1.gif" border="none" width="20" height="19"></a></div> <hr size="1" color="#336699"> <p style="line-height: 100%" align="center"><font size="1">(c) 2006, by International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 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